Blue Ring Octopuses - Since the most common territory for the blue ringed octopus is very shallow water most often encounters with these octopus come when they aren’t seen. Generally bites occur when the octopus is stepped on.
The tetrodoxin that the Blue ringed octopus produces is one of the most highly concentrated toxins in any organism. This toxin can cause morbidity and mortality in humans. One mg contains enough toxins to kill an adult man. The bite can be painless because it is a neuromuscular toxin. Symptoms that occur because of these bites include: severe pain at the site of the bite, muscular paralysis, and hypotension. If not treated, a person can go into respiratory arrest in 40 min to 5 hours. Respiratory failure and ultimately death can proceed. There is no anti-venom that has been developed in order to treat this . All that can be done is respiratory ventilation and supportive care until the toxins have passed out of their system. The infected limb should be elevated and direct pressure should be applied to prevent the circulation of the venom. Fortunately, these animals aren’t very aggressive so attacks on humans are rare.
Vampire Squid – due to the fact that they live more than 3,000 feet below the surface of cold water area, not as much is known about human interactions with them most of the time it is either calculated research or a fisherman accidently captures one. Habitat of cephalopods • Cephalopods are found in all oceans • Cannot live in fresh water • Cephalopods may exist in brackish water • Diversity increases as you reach the equator • Cephalopods can live any where between the surface of the ocean and the depths of the abyss • Octopi live in rocks coral or burrows • Squids live in open water • Cuttlefish like to live in shallow reefs or marine channels. The Cephalopod’s Circulatory System Cephalopods are the only mollusks with a closed circulatory system. Colloids have two gill hearts (also known as bronchial hearts) that move blood through the capillaries of the gills. A single systemic heart then pumps the oxygenated blood through the rest of the body. Like most mollusks, cephalopods use hemocyanin, a copper-containing protein, rather than hemoglobin, to transport oxygen. As a result, their blood is colorless when deoxygenated and turns blue when exposed to air. The male octopus uses a specialized arm called a hectocotylus to transfer packets of sperm from the terminal organ into the female's mantle cavity. Males die within a few months of mating. Squids start swimming in a circle at dawn. After a while you will notice that they`re swimming in a circle and they are in couples and they will start to mate. Males have changing colors, that is what attracts the females.Male cuttlefish cheat while mating by painting typical female patterns on one side of its body(the side facing away from the female) they do this so that other males think its just a couple of females hanging out. They don’t realize it’s a male trying to mate with a female. CEPHALOPODS Octopuses: A creature that has 8 arms and is a mollusk its scientific name is octopoda. Its also shown that all octopuses are venomous there is also 300 species of octopuses. Squid: a cephalopod of the scientific name teuthida, there 300 species of squids. They have lived since ancient times and they have evolved over time. Cuttlefish: a cephalopod with the scientific name Sepiida. Its one of the most intelligent invertebrates in the animal kingdom . The cuttlefish is Greco-Roman Nautiluses: a cephalopod with the scientific name Nautilide. They are also known as the living fossil. Vampire squid: a cephalopod has its own order called Vampryomorphida. It shares similarities of both squid and octopussy. The earliest cephalopods were shelled mollusks which first appear in Cambrian rock layers, 500 million years ago. The first evolutionary step toward increased mobility of this limpet-like mollusk seems to have been an elongation of the shell by secretion along its peripheral edges to form a new partition. Further "morphing" of the cephalopod body plan seems to have been in the direction of an actively swimming life style The reduction of visceral organs from tetra branchiate to dibranchiate form is all developments facilitating a more mobile, carnivorous life style that characterizes most living cephalopods. Reduction from an internal shell to only a remnant internal support structure is obvious among various fossil species of the Belemnoidea order. Octopuses’ migration pattern • The giant pacific octopus migrates from shallow to deep water and back again. The migratory cycle runs as follows: shallow water during October-November, deep water during February-March, shallow water during April-May, deep water during August-September. Squids’ migration pattern • From April through June, young squid migrate from the Slope Water beyond the edge of the Continental Shelf onto the Grand Banks, the Scotian Shelf, Georges Bank and the mid-Atlantic Bight shelf area. • Evidence from tagging indicates that when short-finned squid leave the shelf areas, they go southwest. • It is believed that the adults migrate to a spawning area near Cape Hatteras or even further south over the Blake Plateau off southeastern United States. Cephalopod Intelligence • The nervous system of these animals is completely different of the vertebrate animals. • The Coleoida a class of Cephalopods are the most intelligent invertebrate animals in the whole word. • Also the way they hunt show that this animas are very intelligent related to another invertebrates. • Most of the Cephalopods have Dexterity, the ability to manipulate things with hands or in their case, with their tentacles and suction cups. • The Cephalopods also use the camouflage to communicate with each other, not only for hunting or protection. • Cuttlefish and Octopuses have the biggest brains of all the invertebrates. All these facts show that the Cephalopods are really intelligent and can accomplish complex things with their amazing skills. • Lives in all types of oceanic environments • • Member of the Molluscan class • • Referred to as ink fish for their ability to squirt ink. • • About 800 species of cephalopods have been discovered so far • • Cephalopods occupy most depths of the sea
The tetrodoxin that the Blue ringed octopus produces is one of the most highly concentrated toxins in any organism. This toxin can cause morbidity and mortality in humans. One mg contains enough toxins to kill an adult man. The bite can be painless because it is a neuromuscular toxin. Symptoms that occur because of these bites include: severe pain at the site of the bite, muscular paralysis, and hypotension. If not treated, a person can go into respiratory arrest in 40 min to 5 hours. Respiratory failure and ultimately death can proceed. There is no anti-venom that has been developed in order to treat this . All that can be done is respiratory ventilation and supportive care until the toxins have passed out of their system. The infected limb should be elevated and direct pressure should be applied to prevent the circulation of the venom. Fortunately, these animals aren’t very aggressive so attacks on humans are rare.
